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25 April 2012 Last updated at 18:00 GMT Share this pageEmailPrint

Prospect of 'autism drug' raised after early tests
By James Gallagher
Health and science reporter, BBC News

Autism is treated with behavioural therapies
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The prospect of a drug to treat autism has been raised after symptoms of the condition were reduced in experiments on mice that were performed by the US National Institutes of Health.

There is no cure for the condition.

The results published in Science Translational Medicine showed increased social skills and less repetitive behaviour in animals taking a drug.

However, treatments which work in mice frequently fail in humans and potential medication would be years away.

Autism spectrum disorder is thought to affect around 1% of children. It ranges from mild to severe and symptoms include social problems, delayed language and repetitive movements such as hand tapping.

Autism is mainly treated with specialist education, speech and behavioural therapies.

'Hopeful'
Researchers at the National Institutes of Health said autism had been thought to be untreatable by drugs. The theory was that any problems would be "hardwired" into the brain.

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It will be a long time until these findings can be translated for human patients”

Prof Uta Frith
University College London
However, they said there was evidence that in some cases autism could be down to the way cells in the brain communicate with each other at synapses, the gaps between individual brain cells.

They tested a drug, GRN-529, which interferes with the chemical glutamate, which helps two brain cells talk to each other.

Mice with "autistic behaviours" - this is not the same as mice actually having autism - were used.

"Autistic mice" are less social and communicate less with other mice. They also spend huge periods of time repetitively grooming themselves.

After the injection the mice spent less time grooming and also showed improvements in social levels.

The researchers said their findings "raise the possibility" that a drug could be used in autism.

Dr Jacqueline Crawley, one of the researchers from the National Institute of Mental Health, said: "Given the high costs - monetary and emotional - to families, schools and health care systems, we are hopeful that this line of studies may help meet the need for medications that treat core symptoms."

Uta Frith, a professor of cognitive development at University College London, said: "Processes at the level of the synapse have long been suspected in the origin of autism.

"However, it will be a long time until these findings can be translated for human patients. Tampering with the synapse may well result in undesirable side effects.

"Despite hopeful signs for a future drug treatment of at least some autistic behaviours, it would be sad if too much pressure was now put on researchers to rush into applications."

Richard Mills, the director of research at the National Autistic Society, said: "The NAS welcomes all research that improves our understanding of the neurobiology of autism.

"Research using animal models is important but it is not always easily translated into our understanding of autism in humans."

الترجمه
ابريل 2012

كلنا نعلم انه لا يوجد علاج لمرض التوحد بكونه مرض وراثي ولكن هناك بعض الابحاث التي اجريت على فئران مصابة بنفس المرض عن طريق اعطائها دواء وأظهرت بعض *النتائج المبشرة.

و نشرت جمعية *Science Translational Medicine** بعض النتائج المبشرة مثل *زيادة*التواصل الاجتماعي*و التخفيف من السلوك*المتكرر*في*الحيوانات الني اخذت الدواء.

مرض التوحد يصيب نسبة 1% من الاطفال وتتضمن الاعراض مشاكل سلوكية واجتماعية والتأخر في النطق وتكرير حركات معينة,*ويتم علاجه عن طريق متخصص في التعليم السلوكي والاجتماعي والنطق.

والسبب البيولوجي للمرض هو خلل في تواصل المعلومات العصبية مع بعضها البعض في خلايا الدماغ و نقاط* الاشتباك العصبي.

ولقد اضاف الباحثون في National Institutes of Health المعهد الوطني للصحة العقلية ان هنالك امل في ايجاد علاج لهذا المرض.



*لقد اجريت ابحاث باستخدام دواء يسمى GRN-529* في فئران مصابه بالتوحد وتعاني من *الاعراض الاساسية مثل عدم التواصل مع بعضها البعض وتكرار حركات معينة و لوحظ بعد فترة من العلاج وجود تحسن في التواصل الاجتماعي والسلوكي للفئران.

وأضاف الباحثون ان هذا الدواء زاد من احتمالية علاج التوحد وأضافت الدكتورة *جاكلين*كراولي،*أحد الباحثين*في المعهد*الوطني للصحة العقلية :*”نظرا لارتفاع التكاليف*-*النقدية والعاطفية -للأسر*والمدارس وأنظمة الرعاية ألصحية , نحن*نأمل في أن*هذا النوع من*الدراسات*قد تساعد في*تلبية الحاجة*الى*الأدوية المعالجة للأعراض*الأساسية* للمرض”.

على الرغم من* وجود علامات تبعث على الأمل في*علاج*التوحد*مستقبلا أوعلى الاقل التخفيف*من السلوكيات المصاحبة للمرض *سيكون من*المحزن*إذا*كانت هذه الابحاث التي تستخدم *نماذج حيوانية ليست*دائما*تترجم*بسهولة*إلى*فهمنا لمرض التوحد وعلاجه*لدى البشر”.

وقال ريتشارد*ميلز،*مدير البحوث*في جمعية*الوطنية للمصابين بالتوحد،: “إنا*نرحب بجميع*البحوث*التي تعمل على تحسين*فهمنا للسبب البيولوجي العصبي لمرض التوحد”.
 

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